Breast Ultrasound

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Breast Ultrasound?

Breast ultrasound, also known as sonography or ultrasonography, is frequently used to evaluate breast abnormalities that are found with screening or diagnostic mammography or during a physician performed clinical breast exam.

Ultrasound allows significant freedom in obtaining images of the breast from almost any orientation. Ultrasound is excellent at imaging cysts: round, fluid-filled, pockets inside the breast. Additionally, ultrasound can often quickly determine if a suspicious area is, in fact, a cyst (always non-cancerous) or an increased density of solid tissue (dense mass) which may require a biopsy to determine if it is malignant (cancerous).

Though breast ultrasound has excellent contrast resolution, it lacks the detail (spatial resolution) of conventional mammography, and therefore, ultrasound is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a screening tool for breast cancer, unless it is performed in conjunction with mammography. Rather, ultrasound is used to investigate an abnormality detected by mammography.

What can Breast Ultrasound show?

Physicians use ultrasound to evaluate breast abnormalities that have been found with screening or diagnostic mammography or during a clinical breast exam. Ultrasound may help detect some breast masses and is the best way to determine whether a cyst is present without placing a needle into the area of concern to aspirate fluid. Ultrasound is also useful in helping physicians guide a biopsy (tissue sampling) to determine whether a breast abnormality is cancerous. Physicians use ultrasound during core and fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNA) to determine where to place the needle. Ultrasound may also be used to prove whether a suspicious area is a lymph node. Lymph nodes have fatty centers which are often apparent on ultrasound images.

Ultrasound vs. Mammography

Ultrasound has excellent contrast resolution. This means, for example, that an area of fluid (cyst) and an area of normal breast tissue are easy to differentiate on an ultrasound image. However, ultrasound’s spatial resolution is not quite as good as mammography, and therefore cannot provide as much detail as a mammogram image. Ultrasound is usually unable to image microcalcifications, tiny calcium deposits that are often the first indication of breast cancer. Mammography, on the other hand, is excellent at imaging calcifications.

Though most true breast lumps will be found by mammography and/or ultrasound, some abnormalities escape detection on both imaging tests. If this is the case, further testing may be needed, although breast cancer is uncommon in this scenario.